What is a common type of defect that can occur during welding processes?

Porosity is a common type of defect in welding processes caused by trapped gas pockets within the solidified weld. When the molten metal cools and solidifies, gases that are not expelled can become entrapped, creating voids or bubbles within the weld material. This defect can weaken the weld and lead to reduced strength and durability in the final product.

In welding contexts, other defects such as fatigue and corrosion are more related to material behavior over time rather than immediate issues resulting from the welding process itself. Fatigue refers to the weakening of materials due to repeated loading, while corrosion involves the degradation of materials due to chemical reactions with their environment. Warping can occur due to uneven heating or cooling during welding, but it is primarily a dimensional issue rather than a defect in the weld matrix itself. In contrast, porosity directly impacts the integrity of the weld and is easily identified during inspections, making it a critical concern in welding practices.